货运代理提出相反的证据,或者主要承认这个公国和代理关系的存在,和只能绑定校长本身

• BY:深圳
• 26
• 250
• 海货运拼箱

This standard seems to be denied by Chinese judicial practice. In taicang xingda can co., LTD. V. jiangsu cosco international freight co., LTD., jiangsu taicang branch of cosco international freight co., LTD., cargo damage case, the plaintiff taicang xingda can co., LTD., think the defendant "taicang freight" collect the local charge of taicang xingda, therefore between the plaintiff and the defendant is no longer a freight agency commissioned relations, and should be reported to the contract of carriage of goods the relationship, the defendant should be responsible for damage in transit.

The carrier issues the bill of lading in his own name, the bill of lading indicates that the consignor of the forwarder is the shipper, and the forwarder will forward the bill of lading to the consignor as proof of the contract of carriage between the customer and the carrier. The forwarder, as the agent, shall be liable to the customer only for the selection of the carrier and shall not be liable for the loss, damage or delay of the goods in transit.

However, in the sea freight market, as the carrier of the sea transport company's independent capacity to solicit goods and shippers to seek their own capacity to enhance transport, resulting in the freight forwarder market competition intensified. In this case, for the sake of their own business,

Should see the bill of lading on the specific provisions of the issuer, the bill of lading used to confirm the identity of the carrier recorded in three places: bill of lading title, bill of lading signature seal and the back of the bill of lading "carrier identification clause." As for the "carrier identification clause" on the back of the bill of lading, it is an irresistible trend to deny its effectiveness since it may give the carrier a chance to evade the minimum obligation. Therefore, it is generally recognized according to the former two clauses in the trial practice, especially the signature seal.

If the forwarder wants to maintain the legal status of the agent, it must be indicated in the bill of lading of the forwarder in definite language. The simplest way is that the signature on the bill of lading indicates that the forwarder only issues the bill of lading as the agent (asagentonly). Otherwise, it can only be considered that the freight forwarder's bill of lading is issued in its own name, otherwise it shall assume the responsibility for the transport of goods according to this bill of lading, the only exception is that the freight forwarder puts forward evidence to the contrary, or the principal acknowledges the existence of this principality and agency relationship, and can only bind the principal itself.

According to the actual participation in the transport standards, freight forwarder possession of goods (including warehousing, packaging); Or the use of their own means of transport (including vehicles, containers); Or the consolidation of goods of different owners may result in positioning the forwarder as the carrier, thereby making it liable for loss of goods, damage and delay in the above process, regardless of the provisions of the bill of lading.

A double agent

From the above analysis, it is not difficult to see that the freight forwarder issuing agent b/l is actually in a double agent status. First, as the agent of the owner of goods to arrange the transport of goods, and the carrier to conclude a transport contract, obtain the bill of lading; At the same time, as the carrier's signing agent, the carrier issued a bill of lading.

Uniform customs and practice (UCP500) for documentary credits article 30 as to the transport documents issued by Forwarder (referred to as "Forwarder" in Hong Kong and the same nature as Forwarder in China), the stipulations are as follows: unless otherwise authorized by the letter of credit, the bank will only accept the documents issued by the Forwarder in the following documents

And the liability for delay. However, if the forwarder has made clear his/her agency status without any objection in the bill of lading, can he/she be exempted from the responsibility for loss, damage and delay of the goods shipped? To a great extent, it depends on whether the carrier has the right to authorize the forwarder in advance or the right of ratification afterwards.

The dual agency of freight forwarders is a relatively new business in shipping, and this practice has been widely accepted by the international air cargo transportation industry.这一标准似乎被中国司法实践所否定。太仓兴达罐头有限公司诉江苏中远国际货运有限公司,江苏太仓分公司中远国际货运有限公司,有限公司,货物损坏情况下,原告太仓兴达有限公司,有限公司,认为被告“太仓货运”收集太仓兴达的局部电荷,因此原告和被告之间不再是一个货运代理委托关系,应该报货物运输合同的关系,被告应负责在运输过程中损坏。

承运人以自己的名义签发提单，提单表明货代的发货人是发货人，货代将提单转交给发货人作为客户与承运人之间运输合同的证明。货代作为代理人，只对客户选择承运人负有责任，对货物在运输途中的灭失、损坏或者迟延不负责任。

然而，在海上货运市场上，作为承运人的海上运输公司独立招揽货物的能力和托运人寻求自身运输能力的增强，导致货运代理市场竞争加剧。在这种情况下，为了他们自己的生意，

要看提单上对开证人的具体规定，提单上用来确认承运人身份的记载有三个地方:提单抬头、提单签章和提单背面的“承运人身份认定条款”。对于提单背面的“承运人身份证明条款”，否定其效力是一种不可抗拒的趋势，因为这可能给承运人一个机会逃避最低义务。因此，在审判实践中，一般是根据前两款的规定来认定的，尤其是签章。

如果货代想要保持代理的法律地位，必须在货代的提单上用明确的语言注明。最简单的方法是提单上的签字表明货代只作为代理(asagentonly)签发提单。否则,它只能被认为是货运代理的提单以自己的名义发表,否则应当承担的责任根据本提单货物运输,唯一的例外是,货运代理提出相反的证据,或者主要承认这个公国和代理关系的存在,和只能绑定校长本身。

按照实际参与运输的标准，货代拥有货物(包括仓储、包装);或者使用自己的运输工具(包括车辆、集装箱);或者不同货主的货物合并，可能会导致货代被定位为承运人，从而使货代在上述过程中承担货物灭失、损坏和延误的责任，而不顾提单的规定。

一个双重间谍

从以上分析不难看出，货运代理签发代理提单实际上处于双重代理的状态。首先，作为货主的代理人安排货物运输，并与承运人订立运输合同，取得提单;同时，作为承运人的签字代理人，承运人签发提单。

跟单信用证统一惯例(含意)第三十条的运输单据签发货代(称为“货代”在香港和在中国货代)一样的性质,规定如下:除非另有授权的信用证,银行只接受在下列文件货代签发的证件

以及延期的责任。但是，如果货代在提单上明确了自己的代理身份而没有提出异议，是否可以免除货物灭失、损坏和延误的责任?这在很大程度上取决于承运人是否有权预先授权货代或事后批准权。

双代理货运代理是一种新兴的货运代理业务，这种做法已被国际航空货运业界广泛接受。

 

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